Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Lightly grease a 10-inch (25 cm) cast iron skillet or other oven-safe skillet.
cooking spray
In a large mixing bowl, whisk the softened butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar together until smooth. Add the eggs and vanilla extract, then whisk again until fully combined and slightly thickened.
½ cup (113 g) unsalted butter, ¾ cup (150 g) packed light brown sugar, ½ cup (100 g) granulated sugar, 2 large eggs, 1 tsp (5 ml) vanilla extract
Add the flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt. Stir just until the flour disappears. Avoid overmixing once the dry ingredients are added so the cookie stays soft through the center instead of turning dense.
2 cups (250 g) all-purpose flour, ½ tsp (3 g) baking soda, ½ tsp (2.5 g) baking powder, ½ tsp (2.5 g) kosher salt
Fold in 1 cup (240 g) of the chocolate chips, reserving the remaining chips for the top.
1¼ cups (300 g) semi-sweet chocolate chips
Spread half the dough into the prepared skillet. Spoon or drizzle half the salted caramel sauce over the dough, keeping it mostly through the center rather than all the way to the edges. Add the remaining dough on top in spoonfuls, then gently spread it to cover most of the caramel layer. Drizzle the remaining caramel sauce over the top and lightly swirl in a few spots to create molten caramel pockets throughout the cookie. Sprinkle the reserved chocolate chips across the surface.
½ cup (160 g) thick salted caramel sauce
Bake for 20–25 minutes, or until the edges are deep golden brown and the center still looks slightly soft. The cast iron skillet will continue holding heat after baking, which helps the middle settle into a gooey lava-style texture without overbaking.
Let the skillet cool for 5–10 minutes before serving. This gives the salted caramel time to thicken slightly while keeping the center warm and soft.
Finish with extra caramel sauce, warm chocolate sauce if desired, and a light sprinkle of flaky sea salt. Serve warm with scoops of vanilla ice cream while the caramel is still molten and the chocolate remains melted.
extra salted caramel sauce, warm chocolate sauce, vanilla ice cream, flaky sea salt