Preheat the grill or smoker to 350°F (177°C). Clean and grease the grill grates well.
Remove the stems from the portobello mushrooms and reserve them. Using a spoon, scrape out the dark gills from the underside of each mushroom cap to create more room for the filling.
4 large portobello mushrooms
Trim and discard any tough, woody ends from the reserved mushroom stems, then finely chop the remaining stems.
Heat the oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the onion and cook for 3 to 5 minutes, until softened. Add the chopped mushroom stems and garlic and cook for 1 to 2 minutes longer, stirring frequently to prevent the garlic from burning. Remove the skillet from the heat and allow the mixture to cool.
1 tbsp (15 ml) vegetable oil, ½ medium yellow onion, 3 cloves garlic
Add the Italian sausage, ¼ cup (60 ml) Parmesan cheese, black pepper, onion powder, cayenne, salt and cooled onion, mushroom and garlic mixture to a large bowl. Mix until evenly incorporated without overmixing the sausage.
1 lb (454 g) ground sweet Italian sausage, ¾ cup (75 g) grated Parmesan cheese, ¼ tsp (0.6 g) ground black pepper, ¼ tsp (0.5 g) cayenne pepper, ½ tsp (3 g) fine sea salt
Arrange 3 to 4 slices of mozzarella in the cavity of each portobello mushroom.
4 oz (113 g) part-skim mozzarella cheese (block)
Divide the sausage mixture evenly among the 4 mushroom caps, pressing the filling securely into each cavity.
Sprinkle the remaining ½ cup (120 ml) Parmesan cheese evenly over the sausage filling.
Place the stuffed portobello mushrooms directly on the prepared grill grates. Close the grill and cook for 20 to 25 minutes, or until an instant-read thermometer inserted into the center of the sausage filling registers 160°F (71°C) and the mushrooms are tender.