Bring a large pot of water to a rolling boil, then season generously with salt. Add the linguine and cook until firm, setting a timer for 2 minutes less than the package directions. Before draining, reserve at least 1 cup (240 ml) of pasta water, then drain and set aside.
1 lb (454 g) linguine
In a large skillet, heat the olive oil over medium heat. Add the garlic and anchovy fillets, stirring and pressing until the anchovies completely dissolve.
⅔ cup (160 ml) olive oil, 5 cloves garlic, 4 anchovy fillets (packed in oil)
Increase the heat slightly and add the olives, capers, white parts of the green onions, and Calabrian chilies. Sauté for 2 to 3 minutes, stirring frequently.
1 cup (150 g) Castelvetrano olives, 3 tbsps (28 g) capers, 4 green onions, 2 tsps (10 g)chopped Calabrian chilies in oil
Add the cooked linguine to the skillet with the olive mixture. Pour in about ½ cup (120 ml) of the reserved pasta water and toss with tongs for the final 2 minutes of cooking, adding more water if needed to coat the pasta.
Stir in the arugula, basil, and the green parts of the green onions along with the lemon juice. Season with salt and black pepper to taste, then top with Parmesan before serving.
3 cups (90 g) baby arugula, ¼ cup (6 g) fresh basil leaves, 1 tbsp (15 ml) fresh lemon juice, salt and pepper, grated Parmesan cheese