Place a rack in the center of the oven and preheat to 350°F (175°C). Coat a two-quart (11x7 inch / 28x18 cm) casserole dish with cooking spray. (You could use a 9x13 inch / 23x33 cm dish; the casserole will just be more spread out.)
cooking spray
In a large nonstick skillet, heat the olive oil over medium-high heat. Once hot, add the ground beef, onion, and bell peppers. Cook until the meat is fully cooked and the vegetables have softened, about 8-10 minutes. (You may need to increase the heat to evaporate any liquid.)
1 tbsp. (15 ml) olive oil, 1 lbs. (454 g) lean ground beef (97/3), 1 medium (~150 g) yellow onion, 1 large (~150 g) red or orange bell pepper, 1 large (~150 g) green bell pepper
Add garlic and red pepper flakes, stirring constantly, and cook until fragrant, about 30 seconds.
3 cloves garlic, minced, ¼ tsp. (0.5 g) red pepper flakes
Add tomato sauce, Rotel, and remaining spices. Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce heat and simmer uncovered for 10 minutes. Add frozen corn and simmer a few minutes more.
1 can (15 oz/425 g) tomato sauce, 2 cans (10 oz/ 283 g each) Rotel , 1 tsp. (5 g) table salt, ⅛ tsp. (0.3 g) ground black pepper, 1 tsp. (2.8 g) garlic powder, 1 tsp. (2.4 g) onion powder, ½ tsp. (1.1 g) dry mustard, 1 tsp. (2 g) Creole seasoning, ½ tsp. (1 g) dried oregano leaves, 1 tsp. (2 g) chile powder, 2 cups (280 g) frozen corn
Meanwhile, cook the pasta by heating 6 cups (1.4 L) of salted water in a medium pot. Add dry pasta and cook until almost al dente—it should still be a little too firm to eat. Reserve 1 1/2 cups (360 ml) of the pasta cooking water, then drain and set pasta aside.
1½ cups (165 g) dry penne pasta, 1½ cups (360 ml) pasta water (reserved)
Pour 1/2 cup (120 ml) of the reserved pasta water back into the empty pot. Add Greek yogurt, cream cheese, and cornstarch. Whisk together until mostly smooth, then stir in 1/2 cup (60 g) of cheddar cheese.
1 cup (240 g) full fat plain Greek yogurt, 4 oz. (115 g) full-fat cream cheese, 1 tbsp. (8 g) cornstarch, 2 cups (200 g) shredded extra sharp cheddar cheese
Add half of the sliced green onions, the pasta, and the remaining 1 cup (240 ml) of pasta water to the yogurt mixture. Mix to combine, then transfer the noodles and any liquid to an even layer at the bottom of the prepared baking dish.
4 stalks green onion, sliced
Spoon the beef mixture evenly over the pasta layer. Sprinkle with the remaining cheddar cheese.
Bake until edges are bubbling and cheese is browning on top, about 18-25 minutes.
Remove from oven and sprinkle with remaining green onions. Let rest for 15 minutes before serving.