Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C).
Heat the olive oil in a large, deep skillet over medium-high heat. Add the onion, carrots, and celery and cook until softened and lightly golden, about 10 minutes.
2 tbsps (30 ml) olive oil, 1 medium yellow onion, 3 medium carrots, 3 ribs celery
Add the ground beef and let it brown deeply. Resist the urge to stir too often; letting the meat sit for a minute or two at a time develops that flavor that makes a real difference in the final cottage pie. Continue cooking until no pink remains.
2 lbs (980 g) lean ground beef (at least 90/10)
Add the garlic and cook for another 3 minutes until fragrant. Stir in the oregano, thyme, salt, pepper, Worcestershire sauce, and tomato paste until everything is evenly coated.
6 cloves garlic, 1 tsp (2 g) dried oregano leaves, 1 tsp (2 g) dried thyme leaves, 1 tsp (6 g) table salt, ½ tsp (2 g) black pepper, 2 tbsps (30 ml) Worcestershire sauce, 2 tbsps (33 g) tomato paste
Sprinkle the flour over the mixture and cook for 3 minutes, stirring as it absorbs into the beef and vegetables. Slowly pour in the beef broth while stirring to create a smooth, thickened sauce. Add the peas and chopped parsley, then let the filling simmer for 5 minutes. Turn off the heat.
3 tbsps (24 g) all-purpose flour, 1 cup (240 ml) low-sodium beef broth, ¾ cup (100 g) frozen peas, 2 tbsps (8 g) freshly chopped parsley
Add the potatoes and garlic to a large pot and cover with salted water. This step can be done while the beef filling is cooking. Boil, covered, for about 25 minutes, until fork-tender. Drain well.
4 lbs (1.8 kg) Russet potatoes, 4 cloves garlic
Mash the potatoes and garlic while still hot. Add the butter and milk, both warmed, and mash until smooth. Season with salt and pepper to taste. Stir in 1 cup (115 g) of the grated Gruyère; it will melt into the mash and turn it creamy and rich.
4 tbsps (56 g) butter, 1 cup (240 ml) whole milk, salt and pepper , 1¼ cups (145 g) Gruyère cheese
Spread the beef filling evenly into a 13x9-inch (33x23 cm) baking dish. Spoon the mashed potatoes over the filling, smoothing them to the edges. Sprinkle the remaining Gruyère across the top.
Bake uncovered for about 25 minutes, until the cottage pie is bubbling and the topping is beginning to brown. If you want a crispier top, place it under the broiler for 2 minutes until golden and lightly blistered.
Let the cottage pie rest for 20 to 30 minutes before serving so the layers set and slice cleanly.