Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9 x 9-inch (23 x 23 cm) metal baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang on two sides to lift the brownies out after baking.
Pour the Cabernet Sauvignon into a small saucepan and bring to a lazy simmer over medium heat. Cook until reduced by half, leaving about ½ cup (120 ml), 10 to 12 minutes. Remove from the heat, stir in the balsamic vinegar, and set aside to cool slightly.
1 cup (240 ml) Cabernet Sauvignon, 1 tsp (5 ml) balsamic vinegar
Meanwhile, melt the butter in a light-colored saucepan over medium heat. Continue cooking until the milk solids turn deep golden brown and the butter smells nutty, 5 to 7 minutes. Immediately pour the browned butter into a large mixing bowl to prevent it from cooking further.
¾ cup (170 g) unsalted butter
Add 4 ounces (113 g) of the chopped dark chocolate to the hot browned butter and stir until completely melted and smooth.
8 oz (227 g) dark chocolate (60 to 70%)
Whisk in the Dutch-process cocoa powder and espresso powder until no lumps remain. Add the granulated sugar and brown sugar, whisking until combined. Whisk in the reduced Cabernet mixture, then add the eggs one at a time, whisking well after each addition. Stir in the vanilla extract and fine sea salt.
½ cup (50 g) Dutch-process cocoa powder, 1 tsp (2 g) instant espresso powder, 1 cup (200 g) granulated sugar, ¾ cup (165 g) light brown sugar, 3 large eggs, 2 tsps (10 ml) vanilla extract, ¾ tsp (4 g) fine sea salt
Fold in the flour just until no dry streaks remain. Fold in the remaining 4 ounces (113 g) of chopped dark chocolate.
1 cup (120 g) all-purpose flour
Spread the batter evenly into the prepared pan.
Bake for 30 to 35 minutes, or until the edges are set and the center still has a slight wobble. For the most reliable results, an instant-read thermometer inserted into the center should register 180°F to 185°F (82°C to 85°C). A toothpick inserted into the center should come out with moist crumbs rather than wet batter, but is not as reliable as the temperature test since these are fudgy brownies.
Sprinkle lightly with flaky sea salt immediately after removing the brownies from the oven.
flaky sea salt
Cool completely in the pan before lifting the brownies out using the parchment overhang. Slice with a warm knife, wiping the blade clean between cuts for the neatest squares.